In recent times, chess video games have been developed. Meanwhile, average players also continue to find joy in chess. The names of some of the most famous chess players, such as Garry Kasparov and Bobby Fischer, are as well known as those of major athletes. Such chess tournaments continue to be popular to this day. Ironically, it was not during this tournament but rather during a break that perhaps the most amazing game of all time, the “Immortal Game,” was played between Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky. In 1851, the first modern international chess tournament was held in London. The game proved wildly popular, and many treatises were published on various aspects of the game. By the Renaissance, the rules of chess had taken the form by which they are known today, with a few minor exceptions. There are also other possible endings to a game of chess, such as one player resigning, or both players agreeing to a draw.Ĭhess evolved in medieval Europe out of earlier games from India and the Middle East. This is called “checkmate” and concludes the game. The goal of chess is to force the opponent’s king into a situation in which it is in check, and also cannot move without going into check. “Check” means that one player’s king is in a position such that it will be captured in the opponent’s next turn if it is not moved. There are also certain special moves, such as castling, capturing a pawn “en passant,” and promoting a pawn to another piece. All pieces capture in the same way that they move except the pawn, which may only capture by moving one square diagonally, never by moving forward. In that case, he moves his piece into the square occupied by the piece to be captured and removes the latter from the board. Pieces must be moved to an empty square unless the player wishes to capture an opponent’s piece. Only knights may “jump over” other pieces. Its movement is thus shaped like the letter “L”: two squares in one direction and then one square to the side. The knight may be moved to any of the 8 nearest squares not on the same rank, file, or diagonal. The king may move one square in any direction. The queen may move an unlimited number of squares in any direction. Rooks may move an unlimited number of squares vertically or horizontally bishops may move an unlimited number of squares diagonally. A pawn may only move forward one square at a time (except for its first move, when it may advance by one or two squares). Finally, a rook is placed on each end of the row.Įach type of piece has its own unique movement. The knights are placed on the empty squares next to the bishops. The bishops are placed in the empty squares next to the king and queen. The center two squares hold the king and queen the queen is placed on the square which matches the player’s color (thus the white queen is on a light-colored square and the black queen is on a dark-colored square).
The other pieces are arranged on the row nearest to the player. The second row from the player contains the pawns. The pieces are initially positioned in front of the player in two rows.
One player’s pieces are black and the other’s are white. The board is positioned so that each player has a light-colored square on the right-hand corner of the nearest rank.Įach player begins the game with 8 pawns, 2 rooks, 2 knights, 2 bishops, a queen, and a king. The squares of a chessboard alternate in color between light and dark. A chessboard contains 8 rows (“ranks”) and 8 columns (“files”). Chess is a two-player board game with an emphasis on strategy.
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